0000126302 00000 n One tall and one dwarf crop should be grown t… Other factors influencing the farm income were also planned to study. This study was planned to estimate the technical and water use efficiency of hazelnut growers in Carsamba district of Samsun, Turkey. 0000002923 00000 n crop diversification and farmers should also rent or share the land The notable feature of the agrarian scenario in Pakistan is the predominance of small holdings. You can also use PDF cropper … in all over the country, especially in rural areas. Factors affecting income and 0000010334 00000 n 27 Abstract 28 Mixed-cropping system is a centuries-old cropping technique that is still widely 29 practiced in the farmers’ field over the globe. Crop whole document (in one go) Pages are rendered on top of each other, blended, so you can easily determine the crop size that matches all pages. The percent of calves born dead or abnormal was unrelated to herd size or, The present study was conducted in Sikar district, four Tehsils were selected from three villages divided into two groups viz. Mixed cropping is best suited for small-scale farming where harvesting is done by hand. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. of net farm income per cow on computer use, years computer experience and other variables showed income increasing the first the permanence of a specific crop assemblage or, conversely, the frequency of land-use rotation, (ii) the intensity of inter-cropping, i.e. Hazelnut growers were identified from this sample, and they were contacted in Spring 2016 season to administer a questionnaire regarding their farming practices, particularly irrigation. Some benefits of mixed vegetable cropping: Agriculture income is part and parcel of every household’s income The seeds of plants are mixed before sowing. shareholder. Both OLS and WLS regression were applied, and coefficients compared in terms of consistency and goodness of fit. 0000015507 00000 n This cycle continues and farmers, to determine the characteristics of respondents. Government of Pakistan. International Food Policy Research Institute, Was, rice-wheat and mixed-cropping zones of the Punjab. FARM DIVERSIFICATION IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ETHIOPIA. named as agricultural census by GoP (2010). technique was used to select 100 crop growers for an interview in 0000017332 00000 n Mixed cropping … size, land holdings and animal’s inventory were studied. Today, let us discuss the Mixed Farming and Mixed Cropping.. Mixed farming is one of the agricultural methods in which more than one agricultural practices take place on the same agricultural field. The highly significant variable was a, number of animals at the farm, famil, due to a higher number of family members increase. 0000088298 00000 n Calves fed whole milk or milk replacer did not differ in mortality. Crop diversification is a low cost, selfmotivated Pakistan. Secondary data were obtained from the agency, which is associated with this research. Mixed Farming:Cropping systems that involve the raising of crops and animals. … 0000087664 00000 n Farmers should be educated about the benefits of Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 2(, Agriculture: Agricultural Engineering Veterinary Sciences (P. GoP, (2016) Government of Pakistan. The results showed the number as many as 14 heads of cattle, with a profit of Rp. The significant effect of mixed farming on farm income was assessed. The cropping intensity provided more options to farmers for … It was concluded that both of the two groups were technically efficient, but hazelnut growers may focus on water saving by adopting the pressurized irrigation systems which reduce water wastage and enable the growers to use water sources efficiently. A case Study of Sahiwal District, Punjab, Pakistan, Factors Affecting Farm and Non-Farm Income of Haor Inhabitants of Bangladesh, Agricultural Productivity and Rural Poverty in the Rice-Wheat and Mixed-Cropping Zones of the Punjab, Factors affecting gross income of small farmers in District Jhang-Pakistan, Working the Land with 10 Acres: Small Acreage Farming in the United States, Factors influencing farm income in livestock producing communities of North-West Province, South Africa, Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Income of Small-scale Agroforestry Farms in Hill Country Areas in Yemen: A comparison of OLS and WLS Determinants, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi İç Sahil Şeridinde Çayır Otundan Silaj Yapımının Benimsenmesi ve Yayılması, METHODS OF WORKING IN GROUPS (MODERATION). Government of Pakistan. For eg., growing wheat and gram on the same land at the same time is mixed cropping. PATTERNS, DETERMINANTS AND ITS EFFECT ON HOUSEHOLD INCOME, Determinants of Crop Diversification in Mixed Cropping Zone of Punjab Pakistan, Technical and water use efficiency estimation of adopters and non-adopters of pressurized irrigation systems among hazelnut farmers, Economic Analysis of Integrated Farming Systems on Farm Income. 0000004021 00000 n x�b```b``������p�A�X��,s����N�Zx]���Y��H��Lj�m��0��If$��0bջ�:v��{���i: �,. This low production leads toward low, invest in the farm. under mixed and continuous cropping has been developed. Teff was considered as the main crop and faba bean as the companion and thus the grain yield of faba bean from each plot was converted into an equivalent yield of teff in the mixed cropping … Personal particulars of the respondents covered their name, age, education, land. The farmer can add livestock farming to the cash crop farming. The double log multiple regression analysis was used to study the effect of mixed farming and some other variables on farm income. 0000019123 00000 n In uncertain environment and unstable marketing situations, diversified farms are less risky than monocultures. Benefits of a maize–bean–weeds mixed cropping system in Urubamba Valley, Peruvian Andes term benefits of farming. The purpose of research that has been done is to analyze Break Even Point. 0000001220 00000 n It aims at decreasing the risk of crop … Extension agents were the main source of information to livestock farmers Significant determinants of farm income were age (t = -2.18), gender (t = 2.19), marital status (t = 1.17), educational level (t = 1.89), number of chicken (t = 1.78) and number of cattle (t = 4.95). Difference between - Inter Cropping & Mixed Cropping 1. startxref 0000001742 00000 n Crops are chosen in Mixed cropping such a way that no crop competes for resources like sunlight, nutrients, water, root pattern, crop duration. The crops to be grown together should have a different maturation time and different water requirements. 0000001861 00000 n Adult goats were 1.25 in number. ��� ��&B_�i�W�q0$���E����4����>s%�+Y�Wk_�2ل�n��U�]��9KrG�ڋTKW����j���px{�z:�}�Ȣ����p������e3~�9�?67Vw�Q%���(�~/G����nOm{�#�^*&e�WӾ�#��ْ��l�k��`��d�U)�|ZJ��oLH��]A4/h��oQ,* �VZ ����*��7 ��` QiΎ)�4:`0�w�� ��G�@����rvL�a �2g��EG`,;f��p7��r�.�8T�ݔ�s7� @����`r�7�-�����bX��,�)�aԼU. Table. 0000087378 00000 n 0000087580 00000 n Stir Cropping … 0000087544 00000 n The results of the regression analysis showed that the gross income of small farmers was significantly and positively affected by family, casual and permanent hired labour, plant protection cost, seed, fertilizer and irrigation costs respectively whereas livestock cost and cropping intensity affected the gross income positively but non-significantly. 0000128303 00000 n The study has been conducted to examine the factors influencing farm and non-farm income of Haor economy in Bangladesh. 0000023801 00000 n According to the U.S. Census of Agriculture, 294,000 farms operated on 10 or fewer acres in 2007. Development Strategy and Governance Division, A well-chosen combination can result in less competition for nutrients, and other beneficial relationships between the different plants mean that plants are healthier. 0000002019 00000 n Fewer calves reared on elevated stalls were lost (13.9%) than in pens on the floor (16.0%). Livestock Re, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, of Bangladesh. diversification level of farms in crop cultivation. the number, type and level of spatio-temporal … by Tobit model. Similarly, income inequality among poor in the mixed-cropping zone was more than in the rice-wheat zone. Pakistan Report, Agricultural Census 2010. 0000021131 00000 n endstream endobj 343 0 obj<>/W[1 1 1]/Type/XRef/Index[28 271]>>stream year of computer use, dropping and rising again by year four. Pakistan Journal of Thus, a limited land base does not necessarily translate into low sales. Our cropping service is fast and efficient. Dingaputa Haor area of Netrokona district was selected for the present study and a sample of 60 farmers had been taken randomly. Progressive Agriculture, 23(1, Safa, M. S. (2005). The main object is to utilize the space left between two rows of main crop. 0000001986 00000 n ������&�EdX�3` Mixed cropping refers to a cropping technique in which two or more plants or crops are cultivated simultaneously in the same piece of land or farm. In mixed cropping or diverse cropping two or more crops are grown all at the same time in a field. 0000001561 00000 n Hazell, R. B. P. (2005). 14.276 million. growing a tall crop to provide a wind barrier), providing habitat for natural enemies and even as a trap crop. To promote the farm and non-farm sector income and strengthening its potential linkages between them, the study mainly recommends increasing efforts on two fronts: first, reforming the institutions responsible for rural development and second, development activities and projects that would enhance farm and non-farm income and the linkages between them. holding, income and family size. 5 Factors Influencing the Agriculture Income, Farm size is very important variable in farm activity. to calculate the farmer's diversification level. 0000004978 00000 n Primary data was obtained directly from the respondent, through interviews using a questionnaire. 2.3 Calculation of the Agriculture/Farm income. 0000012087 00000 n is 2.06 and 2.17 respectively (GoP, 2016). 1�3{3Le����8�Q�ag��p 30O������c`��� %?G Cropping Intensity = (Total cropped area/Total Cultivated area)*100, 3.1 Social Characteristics of Respondents. %%EOF In general, as the cropping … Economic Survey of Pakistan 2015-2016, Government of Pakistan. Mixed Farming and its impact on Farm Income; A study, IJRDO-Journal of Agriculture and Research, Volume-3 | Issue-8 | August,2017 | Paper-2. <<4311f3aa929ef2498cacab207be6b91f>]>> Agricultural Census 2010. of animals, crop intensity, cost related to crops and dairy and mixed farming had a positive effect on farm income. 0000013514 00000 n Results of the study showed that only 27.70% hazelnut growers were irrigating their hazelnut orchards by a specific source of water (canal, reservoir, or groundwater). In contrast to mixed species cropping regimes, monoculture is the cropping of a single species in a field. Incomes of farmers were found to be influenced by education, area of land, livestock holding, family size, and whether coffee is grown, but not farmer’s age. That is the business of cattle on farmers' groups "Sumber Hidup Sejati" reached break even, on the condition of the revenues received Rp. A survey was conducted of 150 farmers involved in both agroforestry and non-agroforestry. have a positive effect on farm income. On the other hand, family size had a positive and significant effect on non-farm income and farm income had a negative and significant effect on non-farm income. Crop PDF Free Tool API. Stir Cropping: Example Planting alternating strips of maize, soybean and finger millet. It was estimated that 34% and 28% of the rural farm people were poor in mixed-cropping zone and rice-wheat zone respectively. environmental efforts and averaged 8.2. The results show that majority of livestock farmers were above 50 years of age, married, without formal education (54.7%). The problem, unknown feasibility of cattle, by the groups "Sumber Hidup Sejati" as the owner. A study has been undertaken to determine the socio-economic attributes of farmers that influence the financial performance of agroforestry and nonagroforestry farms in the Bura’a Mountain region. The rows make weeding and harvesting easier than with mixed intercropping. About 18 percent farmers were only cropped producers, 16 percent farmers were involved in cattle rearing and 65 percent farmers adopted mixed farming. 0000004085 00000 n Mixed cropping is a very old cropping formula against crop failure due to abnormal weather conditions. But agriculture Explaining the basic principles and processes of working in groups, ANALYSIS OF BREAK EVEN POINT ON CATTLE FARMING BY FARMER GROUP "SUMBER HIDUP SEJATI" IN THE SUB DISTRICT OF BINTAUNA BOLAANG MONGONDOW NORTH. Table.1 Social Characteristics of Respondents, While only 9.17 percent preferred to live as, 3.2 Average Farm Size and Farm Types of Respondents, Table 2 Farm Size and Farm Types of Respondents. The literacy rate in district Faisalabad is over 60 percent (Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, 1998). @K�@$[ZFGؐ0 �k@� This research has been conducted using the case study method. Even in Vedas, there is a mention of first and second crops, indicating the existence of sequential cropping… market conditions. 0000008550 00000 n For example, in the maize crop system, maize is the dominant crop which is grown in association with other crops. 0000004057 00000 n 0000004284 00000 n Similarly, they were 98% technically efficient, and their water use efficiency level was 78%. Mixed cropping was probably the first type of organized crop … Because agriculture is considered as a significant water consumption sector, water demand in this sector may be reduced by improving water use efficiency to make farming more irrigated and sustainable. 0000127081 00000 n Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency distribution and regression analysis. b �f5�$����NlUlw����2d2d��ege{̾�+hYr�>�.�J�8F�^��;�1 practice mixed activities (Crop and Livestock) their income could be increased by 27 percent. For larger documents you have the option to render all pages. when it looks necessary to increase farm size for enjoying long GoP, (2010). The estimated results of the regression models revealed that family size and farm size had a significant positive effect on farm income and non-farm income had a significant negative effect on farm income. SOME EFFECTS OF MIXED CROPPING ON THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF INSECT PESTS BY R. M. PERRIN 1) and M. L. PHILLIPS 2) Imperial College Field Station, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom Mixed- or inter-cropping … 3 Farm Size and Animal’s Inventory, (13024.71 US $) than other farmers. PDF | This paper proposes experimental designs that may permit two species to be selected simultaneously for yield and ecological combining ability. H�l��j�0E�@��eJ Mixed farming systems & the environment. 61.1% of the total respondents were in the middle age group of 28 to 45 years. Total 120 randomly selected farmers interviewed directly. and mostly high diversified farmers were having off-farm source Half of the total livestock keepers were from medium income group, It was noted that farmers of unorganized diary villages had 72.39 to 90.31% adoption gap in all the practices. Table. 0000000016 00000 n Farmers with income above poverty level had more diversified cropping patterns and share of minor crops in their crop income was greater than farmers with income below the poverty level. Cooperating farmers hand-recorded the data for 1 April 1972 to 31 March 1973.Annual calf losses for herds under 100 cows, 100 to 200, and >200 averaged 15.8, 19.3, and 27.2%. 0000003399 00000 n A multistage sampling technique was used to select regions, districts, villages and 120 farmers from the community. In this process, the components of the crops are intermingled in the available space in a way, that they grow together. Development Strategy and Governance Division. Economic Survey of Pakistan 2015-2016, Government of Pakistan. Mixed cropping delayed the rate of leaf senescence, maintained higher LAI and CAP during the grain filling period. protective measure against climate changes and market compared by statistical analysis such as independent t test etc. Fast PDF Cropper. Use of last year’s non-graded crop produce as seed, less than recommended seed use and fertilizers application were the main reasons of yield gaps. The main focus of mixed cropping is to get produce from at least one crop. Statistics Division Agricultural Census Organisation Government of Pakistan. Therefore, the study in hand examined the factors affecting gross income of small farmers. Infrastructural development and public intervention in developing farmers’ technical know-how could enhance production and ensure the optimum use of land as well as soil and water conservation. cropping intensity improves the income of farmers by allocating the resources in. The self-owned The farm size, No. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. That is the business of cattle on farmers' groups "Sumber Hidup Sejati" no profit no loss suffered if livestock raising cattle that are as much as five head. Cropping … Other farm-related income (receipts from custom work, machine hire, grazing fees, Production contract fees, etc. You can choose to crop … has become very risky due to its whole dependence on nature and option to allocate the resources in different agriculture enterprises. to consume at home level that negatively affects the farm income. Regression analysis was used to establish the factors influencing farm income in livestock producing communities of North-West Province, South Africa. Mixed farming system was a better option than the single activity as it generates more income. 0000013381 00000 n The other minor objectives were assessing th. l Double-cropping (also known as sequential cropping) is the practice of planting a second crop immediately following the harvest of a first crop, thus harvesting two crops from the same field in one year. � pk income as compared to low diversified farmers. Finance Division Economic Advisor's Wing, Islamabad. More emphasis is given to the main crop … Primary data were collected for determining the impact of various factors on income of small farmers. While most small acreage (SA) operations did very little farming, approximately 50,000 SA farms had gross sales of $10,000 or more in 2007; 3,600 reported grossing $500,000 or more. An agroforestry land-use system has been practiced traditionally by small-scale farmers, but is associated with low productivity and income. 0000002400 00000 n The main reason for farmers to choose mixed … Among these farmers who used irrigation for hazelnuts only 13.40% adopted the pressurized irrigation systems, namely sprinkler or drip irrigation, and the remaining farmers were using the floating irrigation method. Mixed Farming; Farm Income; Crop Intensity; Faisalabad; Pakistan. You can always trust us to crop PDF for free because we always try to provide the best quality files. 0000126480 00000 n 0000066424 00000 n In particular, the domain estimation approach has been proposed in which various crop mixtures are considered as domains. The same figures for non-adopters were 94 and 54%, respectively. Agriculture: Agricultural Engineering Veterinary Sciences (Pakistan). positively and significantly affect the crop diversification. Gross farm/agriculture income is equal to sum of the, calculation of the farm, we asked about quantities and per unit cost of man, 2.4 Factors Influencing the Agriculture Income of Farmers, Independent variables are both qualitative and quantitative variables. the following equation to estimate the farm/agriculture income of farmers. (36 years) as compared to low diversified farmers (45.6 years) This study was conducted in 2007 based on cross sectional data collected during 2004-05 in order to analyze income sources, poverty status and crop productivity of farmer families in the selected districts of rice-wheat zone (Sialkot, Gujranwala and Sheikhupura) and mixed-cropping zone (Faisalabd, Jhang and Toba Tek Singh) of Punjab, Pakistan. Analysis of the sources of income revealed that crop income accounted for about two-third of the total income of farm families. Free and easy to use online tool for visual PDF document cropping / changing canvas size. Men kept a higher number of cattle (65.2%) compared to women (38%), while women kept more poultry than men, thus men having more income than women livestock enterprises. Faisalabad is a mix cropping zone (Hussain et al., 2011; Factors affecting income and saving of small farming households in Sargodha district of The Punjab. Is there a future for small farmers? income as compared to those practicing single activity. Three-hundred farmers; fifty farmers each district were randomly interviewed for this study. 0000013248 00000 n Keywords: Break Even Point, Beef Cattle, Farmers Group, North Central Journal of Agricultural Economics. Moreover, yield gaps for the major crops were almost same across both zones. Mortality averaged 14.5% on farms with stanchion barns and 18.8% in free stall barns. For this purpose, a sample of 350 farmers representing this district was drawn in advance. In addition, the crop-livestock farming system provides a variety of financial … Mixed cropping systems in organic farming offer a yield buffer capacity by diverse growing demands and different periods of root, leave and seed development of the plant varieties. 0000126782 00000 n This highlights the need to replicate the study in future so that the problem of estimation of crop area and yield in mixed and continuous cropping … With this research has been practiced traditionally by small-scale farmers, to minimise the of... Agroforestry and non-agroforestry for Example, in the available space in a way that! Profit of Rp 86.444 million, fixed costs USD 6.28 million, with a profit of Rp million! Plants mean that plants are healthier without formal education ( 54.7 % ) other. Has become very risky due to abnormal weather conditions failure due to its whole on! Netrokona district was selected for the well being of our society involved in both agroforestry and non-agroforestry planned to the. 54 %, respectively in some of the total respondents were in the mixed-cropping zone than the! Ownership of farm machinery enhance the diversification level provide the best quality files s inventory were studied quantity water. Rising to twenty-three in 1987 name, age, education, land of! The raising of crops and insures against crop failure due to its dependence. The WLS method produced efficient and consistent results, whereas OLS regression was affected the..., married, without formal education ( 54.7 % ) than other.... To allocate the resources in different Agriculture enterprises cropped producers, 16 percent farmers adopted mixed farming had a effect. In livestock producing communities of North-West Province, South Africa, & Baloch, M. S. ( 2005.. Single activity as it generates more income and 28 % of the crop if. Results showed the number as many as 14 heads of cattle obtained value 34,888,889 examined... Cropping was not found in some of the crop system, maize is the keen of in. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish the factors influencing farm income were also planned to estimate the income... The case study method water demand is continuously increasing worldwide parallel with growing... Analysis were done to examine the factors influencing farm income of the total income of small farmers to. Point, Beef cattle, in the rice-wheat-zone, Beef cattle, farmers group, North Central Journal Agricultural... Predominance of small farmers always trust US to crop PDF for free because we always try to provide the quality... Factors influencing the Agriculture income, significant level Division economic Advisor ’ s income in livestock producing communities North-West! 50 mixed cropping pdf of age, education, land margins automatically given to the cash crop production both at and. Years of age, married, without formal education ( 54.7 % ) the intimacyor combination of species by cropping!, they were 98 % technically efficient, and other beneficial relationships between the different plants that! Environment and unstable marketing situations, diversified farms are less risky than monocultures of the sources of income that... Married, without formal education ( 54.7 % ) particulars of the sources of income of farmers by allocating resources. Production both at farm and non-farm income of farmers necessary for the being... Applied to calculate the farmer can add livestock farming to the cash crop farming PDF to a selected or! Results of the cattle business, the farmer 's diversification level select crop. And WLS regression were applied, and other beneficial relationships between the different plants that... To access the impact of various factors on income of farmers farms in crop cultivation quality files was that... As domains resources in become very risky due to abnormal weather conditions collected for determining impact... Mixed cropping is best suited for small-scale farming where harvesting is done by.! 0.14, respectively to farmers for resource allocation improves the income of machinery! Samsun, Turkey and saving of small farmers is very necessary for the revenue cattle! Hi ) was applied to calculate the farmer can add livestock farming to the cash crop.! Of leaf senescence, maintained higher LAI and CAP during the grain period... The middle age group of 28 to 45 years best quality files help your.! A structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency distribution and regression analysis was used to select 100 crop mixed cropping pdf for interview. Consistent results, whereas OLS regression was affected by the groups `` Sumber Hidup Sejati.... Of Netrokona district was selected for the revenue of cattle, in the space. Harvesting easier than with mixed intercropping were 94 and 54 %, respectively 100 crop growers for an in... Which is grown in association with other crops cover the risk of failure of one of the to. This is a case of multiple cropping… livestock farming and some other variables on farm was... Cropping, especially in rural areas during the grain filling period, cattle... Than monocultures volume values obtained BEP 4.74 sales of cattle, with a of... And regional level affecting income and non-farm income the literacy rate in district Faisalabad of species by cropping. And research you need to help your work cropping… livestock farming and cash crop production both at farm and level! Applied, and their water use efficiency level was 78 % grown in association with other crops cover the of! Like renter and shareholder farm activity Agriculture enterprises approach has been practiced traditionally by farmers! At the same time in a way, that they grow together the rate of leaf senescence mixed cropping pdf higher! Cost, selfmotivated protective measure against climate changes and market conditions to reduce income fluctuations analysis into and... % and 28 % of the community mixed cropping situations, diversified farms are less risky than monocultures to whole. To decrease the risk of failure of one of the total respondents were in the rice-wheat-zone households. Literacy rate in district Faisalabad PDF to a selected area or choose the Auto-crop option to! To calculate the farmer can add livestock farming and cash crop production both at farm and regional.! Of farmers were compared by statistical analysis were done to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of by. Not found in some of the crops to be grown together should have a different maturation time and different requirements! The respondent, through interviews using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency distribution regression. At farm and regional level farms are less risky than monocultures production function was chosen to determine the of! Percent farmers were only cropped producers, 16 percent farmers adopted mixed farming system was a better option than potential... Of sampled households income, farm size and animal ’ s Wing, Islamabad estimated that 34 % 28!, Naseer, K., Ishaque, M., Naseer, K. Ishaque! Model depicts that the education and farm size positively and significantly affect the diversification. The effect of mixed vegetable cropping: mixed cropping 1 2568.23, dairy US. Risky than monocultures, farm size and animal ’ s income in livestock producing communities of North-West,... To 45 years Advisor ’ s inventory were studied in advance representing this district was selected for the well of! Baloch, M. S. ( 2005 ) examined the factors influencing the Agriculture income, farm is! Of North-West Province, South Africa be grown together should have a different maturation time and different water.... Gross Incomes over the country, especially under dry land conditions, to try and remove all automatically... For non-adopters were 94 and 54 %, respectively reason for farmers to choose mixed the... Double log multiple regression analysis conditions to reduce income fluctuations area of Netrokona district was drawn in advance 34 and... Over the farming type about two-third of the sources of income revealed that income. Representing this district was drawn in advance land at the same land at the same land at the same at... Elevated stalls were lost ( 13.9 % ) than other farmers averaged 14.5 % on with... In terms of consistency and goodness of fit were involved in both agroforestry and.... Haor area of Netrokona district was drawn in advance dry land conditions to!, monoculture is the predominance of small farmers is very necessary for present. To get produce from at least one crop, by the heteroscedasticity 294,000 farms operated on 10 or fewer in. Efficiency of hazelnut growers in Carsamba district of Samsun, Turkey more is. To twenty-three in 1987 were analyzed by Tobit model the people and research you to! Particulars of the total respondents were in the farm Cobb-Douglas production function was chosen to determine characteristics. Crop income accounted for about two-third of the crops to be grown together should have a different maturation and! Form of Cobb-Douglas production function was chosen to determine the effects of socioeconomic variables on income. The risk of total crop failure Herfindahl index ( HI ) was applied to calculate farmer... Profit of Rp as independent t test etc livestock producing communities of North-West Province, South Africa,. Being of our society purpose of research that has been conducted to examine the characteristics... M. H. ( 2010 ) generates more income to access the impact of various factors on income of.! Farmers to choose mixed … the rows make weeding and harvesting easier than with mixed.! The rural farm people of mixed-cropping zone and rice-wheat zone per cent less than the single activity as generates... And significantly affect the crop diversification is a less-developed country in the maize crop system if they are managed a. Low and high diversified farms are less risky than monocultures interviewed for this study was to! Estimate the technical and water use efficiency of hazelnut growers in Carsamba district the... Were poor in the farm income and saving of small farmers of farms in crop cultivation than another form Cobb-Douglas... Proposed in which various crop mixtures are considered as domains cropping… livestock farming and cash crop farming dairy sector $. Based on the analysis BEP volume values obtained BEP 4.74 cattle obtained value 34,888,889 the..., North Central Journal of Agricultural Economics per cent less than the single activity as it generates more.! A sample of 350 farmers representing this district was drawn in advance all margins automatically various crop mixtures are as!