Lewis contrasted OT vs. modern justice in a book excerpt (from Reflections on the Psalms ). NAS: and the statutes and the judgments [mean] which KJV: shall bear the judgment of the children NAS: My statutes and My ordinances, INT: to give Because ordinances of your righteous, Psalm 119:75 NAS: the hall of judgment, and it was paneled Rabbi Jonathan Sachs says that both are forms of justice, but are very different in their logic. KJV: the statutes and judgments which I speak NAS: of the inner sanctuary in the way prescribed; KJV: of persons in judgment. Ezekiel 18:17: “received usury nor increase, hath executed my judgments, hath walked in my statutes; he” INT: is swept want of judgment, Proverbs 16:8 HEB: בְּחֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־ מִשְׁפָּטַ֣י תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֥ KJV: And he appointed, according to the order of David HEB: רוּחִי֙ עָלָ֔יו מִשְׁפָּ֖ט לַגּוֹיִ֥ם יוֹצִֽיא׃ INT: Indeed the way of your judgments LORD have waited, Isaiah 26:9 Ezekiel 20:19: “walk in my statutes, and keep my judgments, and do” INT: because because my ordinances rejected my statutes, Leviticus 26:46 INT: for are righteous your judgments faithfulness have afflicted, Psalm 119:84 HEB: לַיּוֹשֵׁב֙ עַל־ הַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט וְלִ֨גְבוּרָ֔ה מְשִׁיבֵ֥י KJV: [shall be] according to their number, after the manner: NAS: Let my judgment come forth KJV: before the congregation in judgment. NAS: the earth deal justly? HEB: שֹׁפֵ֛ט וְדֹרֵ֥שׁ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּמְהִ֥ר צֶֽדֶק׃ HEB: וָאֲקַיֵּ֑מָה לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר מִשְׁפְּטֵ֥י צִדְקֶֽךָ׃ HEB: אֶעֶרְכָ֣ה לְפָנָ֣יו מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּ֝פִ֗י אֲמַלֵּ֥א NAS: by their number according to the ordinance; HEB: עַֽל־ הָעַמּ֜וּד כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט וְהַשָּׂרִ֤ים וְהַחֲצֹֽצְרוֹת֙ KJV: where [the officers] were, every man according to his charge. NAS: Thus He looked for justice, but behold, KJV: These [are] the commandments and the judgments, which the LORD NAS: was in him to administer justice. My question is the specific meanings that the Psalmist had in mind for mishpat (the Hebrew root word used in both verses). "Human Rights in Tort Law and in Contract law - the Quiet Revolution" (with D. Barak-Erez) 8 Kiryat Mishpat (2009) (Hebrew). Zephaniah 3:8: “that I rise up to the prey: for my determination is to gather the nations, that I may assemble the kingdoms,” KJV: and thy poor with judgment. KJV: even when the needy speaketh right. HEB: יֵשֵׁ֑ב כּוֹנֵ֖ן לַמִּשְׁפָּ֣ט כִּסְאֽוֹ׃ Tzedakah, typically translated Righteousness. HEB: תַכִּ֨ירוּ פָנִ֜ים בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ HEB: מִמְּךָ֨ דָבָ֜ר לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט בֵּֽין־ דָּ֨ם ׀ NAS: His commandments and His ordinances, and listen INT: my statutes and all my ordinances and do not, Leviticus 24:22 It means acquitting or punishing every person on the merits of the case, regardless of race or social status. We care about justice because of justice, because it's right. KJV: know not the manner of the God KJV: [shall be] according to their number, after the manner: HEB: הַ֭אֵל יְעַוֵּ֣ת מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וְאִם־ שַׁ֝דַּ֗י HEB: אֶל־ הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם INT: they do customs to the earlier nor, 2 Kings 17:34 KJV: Let my sentence come forth Ezekiel 33:14: “Thou shalt surely die; if he turn from his sin, and do that which is lawful and right;” INT: judge will seek justice and be prompt righteousness, Isaiah 26:8 HEB: יְכַלְכֵּ֖ל דְּבָרָ֣יו בְּמִשְׁפָּֽט׃ KJV: and execute my judgments, and keep INT: in the breastpiece of judgment the Urim and the Thummim, Exodus 28:30 HEB: מִלֵּ֣א צִיּ֔וֹן מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּצְדָקָֽה׃ INT: and marched the city manner the same seven, Joshua 20:6 HEB: מְאֹ֑ד כִּ֖י לְמִשְׁפָּטֶ֣ךָ יִחָֽלְתִּי׃ NAS: man, for the judgment is God’s. HEB: שִׂפְתֵי־ מֶ֑לֶךְ בְּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט לֹ֣א יִמְעַל־ The Hebrew lexicon is Brown, Driver, Briggs, Gesenius Lexicon; this is keyed to the "Theological Word Book of the Old Testament." NAS: of My people of [their] rights, So that widows HEB: יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל כֵּ֥ן מִשְׁפָּטֶ֖ךָ אַתָּ֥ה חָרָֽצְתָּ׃ To do mishpat and tsedaqah, in my own words, is “to make up our minds to act with integrity and love towards our fellow man in order to establish a community that is accordance with the desires of God.” Not only are we to … HEB: לִ֭נְצֹר אָרְח֣וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וְדֶ֖רֶךְ [חֲסִידֹו KJV: heard of the judgment which the king KJV: they after their statutes, or after their ordinances, or after the law KJV: for the longing [that it hath] unto thy judgments at all times. 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