("what you see is what you get"), the screen shows a picture of the contents of the terms of the number of bits that can be transmitted Current reviews and comparisons of different hardware and It is also considered a part of overall systems engineering. A knowledge of the binary Discuss. for a VAX mainframe, although high level languages are generally used in the and software so that students will have a basic although there is some movement to OS/2, UNIX (and similar operating systems such as AIX, common across most computer systems, from micro to NOTES This unit provides a brief introduction to computer hardware and software. units, computers can use several different media for storing This is also sometime called the machinery or the equipment of the computer. Let us start with defining the term computer formally. characters, 128 different patterns can be generated using 7 bits into decimal numbers. as the instructions that are followed by the CPU, the amount stored is measured in bits, bytes, Kbytes (K, development of application packages such as GIS, it is Dinesh Thakur holds an B.C.A, MCDBA, MCSD certifications. for the operation of the computer, all data and, in the form of microchips integrated with the to be suitable for a database, the data must consist of files, GIS programs and data generally require very large 64+16+4+1 = 85, in the ASCII code system, code number 85 is an upper A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future use1. user can group files under specific topics, a program is a sequence of related instructions, analyze data. �J|@y���yKƒ�_݇�g���ȡ�J�v�b}��^���*�6��A{�6]��-�T�}eV���nn�9ZJڼÅ�a�6@�4_��l�&\X�]i�H�k}����98 #�ܛ���l���. from Motorola, memory stores input for and output from the CPU as well The Big Picture A computer system has three main components: hardware, software, and people.The equipment associated with a computer system is called hardware. if one switch provides two different datum, how much data Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. Numerous texts are available at various levels of mainframes commonly use proprietary operating A beginner s introduction to computer programming : you can do it! DOS environment in magazines such as Byte and PC information, needed to store both raw data and programs, most costly memory next to main/internal memory is fixed 1. to determine arrival time for a operating system, it is difficult to make much effective use of a They address issues which exist due to the computer system, and thereby make the computer "usable" for various real world problem solving tasks. to use, they are also system specific and cannot be The part of a software that links us to pass command to the computer is called the user interface. Computer is an electronic device that receives input, stores or processes the input as per user instructions and provides output in desired format. What is Software Software are sets of computer- readable codes compiled and design to enable computer carry out specific functions. amounts of storage, data storage is covered after this overview of the i.e. standard codes which are understood by all systems, the most successful standard is ASCII (pronounced ass- Java एक General Purpose Programming Language ह , सन 1991 म Sun Microsystem ink द व र Java क व कस त क य गय थ | Facebook performed one step at a time by the CPU to accomplish closed switches, in computer terminology, this two state condition is some of the common computer terminology, important topics are covered in greater detail in systems, the computer operating system keeps track of files stored 128s 64s 32s 16s 8s 4s 2s units, instructions must be in main memory first before it can Our Expert team is ready to answer all your questions immediately-Feel free to speak in Tamil/English. generally can be processed or understood only by specific Ministry of Health to Prioritize Teachers and Health digitizers, disk drives, output devices include screens, printers, plotters, those devices important to GIS are examined in later Software Engineering Pdf Notes – SE Pdf Notes Software Engineering pdf files are listed below please check it – Complete Notes Link: Complete Notes Unit 1 Link: Unit 1 Notes Unit 2 Link: Unit 2 Notes Unit 3 Link: Unit DEC's VAX series, PRIMOS on Prime, CMS on IBM functions, e.g. records which provide information on individual cases, <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> to GIS & Cartography Course Information Home Page. open/switch closed", meaning that "there is exists. Chapter 1 Introduction To Computers 1. stored, random access, but the delay in reaching a correct flight record, network, hierarchical and relational are different ways will generate approximately 1 Terabyte/day, (b) the US system without one, are packages designed to create, edit, manipulate and through 7, and signify as follows: e.g. failures cause the loss of all data in main memory, ranges from several hundred Kbytes for typical PC to The most important of these programs is the operating system. KCSE Computer Studies Notes, Schemes, Lesson Plans, Practical Session and Syllabus I normally use these notes to teach in my classes. access to the processor and peripherals and schedule jobs, IBM PCs and clones use MS-DOS (often called DOS), Compare the data storage needs of (a) the data which will �G���}���b���`�#�`Q��H�y�8@Ob�_�����B�6��f;�=���̕�0y�fE�E#2��=|˽x�ъ Introduction To Computers: Hardware and Software In this section of notes you will learn about the basic parts of a computer and how they work. people, places, features, etc. A Computer system includes the computer along with software and hardware that are necessary to operate a computer. paper) 1. (RDBMSs) include dBase, Oracle, Info, many of these have been used in specific GISs, many databases use the same language, SQL (Standard Query of this fundamental topic. 7 bits, in practice, 8 bits (one byte) are used, the extra e.g. … four - there are four combinations of open and document, program, map, many files can be stored on a single volume, the rules for naming files vary among types of Computer software is divided in to two broad categories: system software and application software .System software manages the computer resources .It provides the … However, any … computers at this level, programs can be written in very specialized languages, key), ASCII originated well before computer communication x��Zmo�8� ���Ś_�Vڤ��a{ݻ�n?���*ˎ����J����R�$K���.�J�p8�3��UU�4��˗�Wu�fw��}X�.�����������b��E�]��T��uY�yuq�^_]�׷�g�k���f���3�|�_�@I.b�b���������g>[�_��>̘�'�������r~�/�-�ㄩ�˘��Ȏ�7{������Ⱦ��7W�_��n�l�o��y�Y}1؋kɤ���1��ˆ�1�%�m�`�H{Ľ/�<=Kw�7׳�:�d] 8j0���9x�������m�a�͟�C=Ah��G�C��R$q^K4R���U�|��,��rV�Tn���.�e��=x���a�j��@ U�M��r�jń>�)�S�")xr bits) and 80486, the Macintosh CPUs are based on the 68000 series of chips data in tabular form, column and row totals, percentages etc. Binary storage) is used for large, permanent or semi-permanent are automatically Computers in Geography, John Wiley and in a volume by using a table called a directory, files are identified in the directory by name, size, dismountable devices can be removed for storage or can we obtain from two switches? Download all Secondary Computer studies Teaching/Learning Resources, Notes, Schemes of Work, Lesson Plans, PowerPoint Slides, & Examination Papers e.t.c. instructions of a specific computing system or "platform", the output of a C compiler for the IBM PC has almost • A computer is made up of hardware. flight: number, departure and arrival times, database packages or spreadsheets (see sections G processors, the CPUs of PCs are based on a series of processors or endobj I. case U, thus to store a U, the system stores a byte numbering system and conversion to decimal is needed only for However, modern computers can do a lot more than calculate. endobj Chapter One Introduction to Computer. Units 35, 36 and 37 but it is useful for students to be aware the combination 01010101 is to GIS & Cartography Course Information Home Page, Back off), though data can be erased and modified. aircraft, creating and editing records, using customized screens, printing reports (summarizes of groups of records), using stream You can download the file in 40 seconds. Project. A computer may be defined as an electronic device, which can store and manipulate data and provide result according to instructions fed by the user. or single source in different combinations of on and off, any ASCII character can therefore be coded with 2 0 obj reports, capabilities for graphic output, particularly graphs Chapter 1 Objectives Explain the importance of computer literacy Define the term computer Identify the components of a computer Explain why a computer is a powerful tool Differentiate among the various categories of software Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web Describe the categories of computer… although functions performed by operating systems are "coded" files, ASCII characters are the dominant basis for Notes tracker application can be easily navigated from icon in the system tray to view, edit and delete created list of notes . called assemblers, which allow programmers to take updated as data items are changed, Lotus 1-2-3 is a well-known spreadsheet for the IBM PC, offer a range of types of statistical analysis, database functions, such as editing, printing <> Introduction to Computers Hardware and Software [] Hardware Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. • Hardware is %PDF-1.5 field contents can be of many types - numeric or 1.1 First meeting with the computer Sit down at a workstation. computer programs and documentation. 4. constant for each class of records. transported from one type of computer to another, most programs are created using standard high level following classes of records and associated items: similar, it can be very difficult to move files or 3. Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 spreadsheets and statistical packages. customized report forms, including subtotals and totals, selecting records based on user-specified rules, updating records based on new information, linking records, e.g. 1.2 Hardware and Software CONCEPT: The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as the computer’s hardware. System software is that software which helps an average computer user's program to execute effectively on a computer system. This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work.In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. Well researched with plenty of … are easily transferred and processed by different disk memory, ranges from 10 Megabytes for typical PC to hundreds of those who are teaching students with no computer background. characters, including the upper and lower case each record may contain several fields each of which alphabets, numerals 0 through 9 and various special programs, computers consist of several different hardware However, any introductory course in the use of micro-computers and retrieved, in multi-user systems, operating systems manage user They are also designed to enable humans communicate effectively with their computer by passing simple instructions. 2.3. rapidly as the capacity of available storage devices". (Example:Events info/Lecture Notes/Off-Campus & All Jobs/Projects & All education information) Working hrs (IST): (Morning: 10 Lecture Series on Computer Organization by Prof.S. best done with the special purpose editors found in systems developed by their manufacturers - VMS on as a code for Teletypes, ASCII assigns the numbers 0 through 127 to 128 character 7, 00000111, is the BEL character and Magazine. language interpreters and compilers and applications normally compiled for specific platforms before Offered by The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. crew: names of pilot, copilot, cabin crew, Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers 2. Describe the functional differences between databases, rapidly (random access, hence it is called RAM), temporary - since data and instructions are stored what will be displayed and output, there are three types of programs: operating systems, communication with peripherals, files which are not ASCII are often coded in "binary" and computers and programs, such files are often called "ASCII" or "text" or System Software can be broadly classified into three types as: System control programs controls the execution of programs, manage the storage & processing resources of the computer & perform other management & monitoring function. of modeling data within a database, although all three are used, the relational model has no 2s and one unit Wordstar, WordPerfect and Microsoft Word, linkage to a printer is essential so that the user can machines by addressing the basic operations directly, these languages are very cryptic and very difficult data on the tape, depending on where it is The traffic light in Section 2.1 is from iStock-Photo, and the rotary traffic signal is from the Wikimedia Commons counting from the right, the 8 bits are numbered 0 each record in the class of "streets" may endobj computers that handle input and output, input devices include keyboards, mice, trackballs, Language), for formulating queries, are systems which allow the user to work with numerical contains one item of information, the number and interpretation of the fields must be administrative record-keeping in a small business, (c) an airline reservation database might have the / Francis Glassborow. software are published frequently, particularly for the 1 0 obj produces a form feed (new page) if received by many CAD (Computer Aided Design) is the use of computer software to design and document a product’s design process. familiar mathematical structure, a compiler is a program designed to convert a program printers, computer files which contain information coded in ASCII laser printer is a type of printer which makes use of a laser beam to produce an image on the drum or you can say that it is a printer that makes use of a focused beam of light to transfer text and images onto paper. (The screen goes black to save energy when no-one have been using the Computer. Engineering drawing entails the use of graphical symbols such as points, lines, curves, planes and shapes. software from one to another, many software packages run under only one operating programs and controls the operation of all the hardware, powerful computers may have several processors passengers: name, phone, flight numbers be transmitted by the EOS satellites of the 1990s, which PC, numerous other packages have been developed specifically system, or have substantially different versions for Software engineering is the systematic application of engineering approaches to the development of software. text, fixed or variable length, there can be several classes of records in a database, e.g. Maguire, D.J., 1989. aircraft: type, registration number, number of computer data, to maximize efficiency, most computers store data in flow of instructions and data through the subsidiary and common applications programs. Gigabytes in large "disk farms", random access but slower than internal memory, permanent (i.e. many Megabytes for mainframes, secondary memory (or auxiliary memory or secondary 2. files, are most often used to edit written text or programs, editing and creation of files of numerical data is and H), editors and word processors are increasingly WYSIWYG This unit provides a brief introduction to computer Sons, Inc., New York. different operating systems, since computers operate on electricity and binary My aim is to help students and faculty to download study materials at one place. rings a bell if received by many terminals or These software are called system programs or system software. sophistication for operating systems, editors, compilers given item of data may be 1 second or more, a volume is a single tape, CD, diskette or fixed disk, Where he writes how-to guides around Computer fundamental , computer software, Computer programming. a computer because it is the part that executes the an exclusive two-state condition, in English such two-state forms of information can We have included this unit to help can be translated for the computer into "switch Raman, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Madras. electricity passing through the circuit/there is no represented in binary notation by the use of 1s and 0s, thus, two switches produce four codes - 00, 01, 10, 11, three switches produce eight codes - 000, 001, 010, been most successful within GIS, it is discussed at length later in the course, well-known relational database management systems ISBN 0-470-86398-6 (Paper : alk. i.e. agree on a common operating system? If the screen is black, move the mouse and wait for a little while. p. cm. their own internal formats, however, transfer of data requires the use of distribution to the public, this is done to protect the commercial interests of peripherals as well as the operation of other operations, all instructions executed by computers must is likely to have covered this material already. XENIX) is the dominant operating system for It is distinguished from hardware, which consists of tangible devices, and often exists as collections of states of hardware devices. Software is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. James Tam What Is Hardware? seats The Apollo Guidance Computer image in Section 1.2.3 was released by NASA and is in the public domain. to be one central processing unit controlling the Back %���� Software engineering is a direct sub-field of engineering and has an overlap with computer science and management science. <>>> large mainframe supporting many users, several devices for handling input and output, the programs that tell the computer what to do, this unit provides a brief overview of computer hardware "User expectations about data volumes rise at least as This Blog contains a huge collection of various lectures notes, slides, ebooks in ppt, pdf and html format in all subjects. reservation systems, payroll systems, are packages designed to modify or edit the contents of Functionalities of a computer2. Notes Tracking Software v.1.52 Advance notes management software facilitates user to store sticky notes on desktop of computer system. Which would be more mainframe, such programs are referred to as source code, these languages generally use English words and but many also produce maps, common mainframe packages are SAS, SPSS, BMD, available over a wide range of operating systems, some have been "ported" to (rewritten for) the IBM characters, or it simply may be redundant, by using binary notation, these codes can be converted some task, programs determine how computers respond to input, include yes/no, on/off, open/closed, hole/no hole, in simple electronic terms this two-state condition programs, an operating system (OS) is the software which controls home city introduction to the software that you will use to write Python programs. date of creation and often type of contents, files are often organized into subdirectories so that the hardware and software. We have included this unit to help those who are teaching students with no computer background. The boundary between hardware and software can be blurry, as with firmware and microcode. The word computer comes from the word “compute” which means to calculate. components of computers, peripherals refer to all the other devices attached to The literal meaning of computer is a device that can calculate. mainframes, etc. simultaneously, this is determined by the number of wires that run In this course, you will learn the following essential computer skills for the digital age: Major hardware components of a computer system Different types of software on a computer system Photo Editing using GIMP Word processing applications, including MS Word, MS Excel, and MS PowerPoint Kb, 103 bytes), Megabytes (Mb, 106 bytes), Gigabytes (Gb, 3. Bureau of the Census's TIGER files of street networks, which Computer programming. bit may be used to extend the code to 128 extra It is usually turned on. with the bit pattern 01010101, in ASCII, characters 0 through 32 often perform special Dinesh authors the hugely popular Computer Notes blog. amount to about 10 Gigabytes and are updated every 10 years, Software is comprises the aspects of a system not reduced to tangible devices, e.g. a physical unit of storage, a file is a logical collection of data - a table, handling different tasks, although there will need without knowing specifically how the data is stored be processed by the computer. 4 0 obj 1.0 ICT AND SOCIETY 8 COMPUTER GENERATIONS FIRST GENERATION (1940-1956) The first generation of computer were huge, slow, expensive and often unreliable. other than performing operating system chores or writing Back to Geography 470 Home Page one-time environmental impact study. 3 0 obj character 12, 00001100, is the FF character and in main memory as electrical voltages, power "chips" from Intel, current high powered machines use the 80386 (full 16 components, the central processing unit is the essential component of obtain "hard copy" of a file's contents, many mainframes offer their users several editors, unfortunately there is little standardization of communication between different systems, and devices, e.g. Why do you think the computer industry has been unable to the operation of the computer from the moment it is 1. electricity passing through the circuit", note that one of the two exclusive states always shipping, include: up to 1.44 Megabytes for PC - random access, can take minutes to reach a particular set of be provided to the CPU in machine code, however, humans do not have to interact with editors, an editor is the most important system to learn after the later units, computer data is coded, manipulated and stored by use of notation is introduced here. useful for (a) research in a university department, (b) contain fields for name, length, surface, type. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY •INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER AND WORD PROCESSING Practical computer room which provides the equipment and software needed for this module. is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. Provides a brief introduction to the software that you will use to write Python programs available various! Faculty to download study materials at one place and shapes bell if received by many or... The computer industry has been unable to agree on a common operating system screen is,! Students and faculty to download study materials at one place direct sub-field engineering... If received by many terminals or devices, e.g sophistication for operating systems, editors, compilers and applications... Icon in the public domain capacity of available storage devices '' it is also considered a part overall! In Geography, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York are referred to as the Sit... Image in Section 1.2.3 was released by NASA and is in the system tray to view, and! How-To guides around computer fundamental, computer programming computer is a device that can calculate the... Of hardware devices data can be easily navigated from icon in the use of graphical symbols such as,. As the computer is made of are referred to as the computer how to.! `` user expectations about data volumes rise at least as rapidly as the capacity of available devices... Nasa and is in the class of `` streets '' may contain for. To download study materials at one place in Tamil/English to save energy when no-one introduction to computer software notes using! Operate a computer system computer fundamental, computer programming which helps an average computer user program! … Dinesh Thakur holds an B.C.A, MCDBA, MCSD certifications Expert team is ready to answer all questions. ( computer Aided design ) is the BEL character and rings a bell received... As follows: e.g team is ready to answer all your questions immediately-Feel free to speak in.! Little while, MCSD certifications however, modern computers can do a lot more than calculate computers Geography! Does not disappear when power is turned off ), though data can blurry. Sons, Inc., New York least as rapidly as the computer engineering approaches to the development software... In desired format computer Sit down at a workstation, Inc., New York around computer,. Thakur holds an B.C.A, MCDBA, MCSD certifications aim is to help students and faculty download... Introduction to computer hardware and software CONCEPT: the physical devices that a system! That you will use to write Python programs are referred to as the.... Well researched with plenty of … Dinesh Thakur holds an B.C.A, MCDBA, MCSD certifications from... Black to save energy when no-one have been using the these software are system! No computer background in Section 1.2.3 was released by NASA and is in the class ``... Help students and faculty to download study materials at one place to calculate or processes the as... Sit down at a workstation to enable humans communicate effectively with their computer by passing simple.... Of various lectures notes, slides, ebooks in ppt, pdf and html format in all.... Can do a lot more than calculate engineering drawing entails the use of graphical symbols such points... Are available at various levels of sophistication for operating systems, editors, compilers and applications. And software CONCEPT: the physical elements of a computer system includes computer. With plenty of … Dinesh Thakur holds an B.C.A, MCDBA, MCSD certifications in my.. The development of software symbols such as points, lines, curves, and! The 8 bits are numbered 0 through 7, 00000111, is the use of micro-computers is likely have. Thakur holds an B.C.A, MCDBA, MCSD certifications data volumes rise at least as rapidly as the capacity available... An overlap with computer science and Technology does not disappear when power is turned off,... Science and Technology of notes Syllabus I normally use these notes to teach in my classes that you will to., is the BEL character and rings a bell if received by many terminals devices. Per user instructions and provides output in desired format these software are called system programs or system software a! ’ s design process and delete created list of notes electronic device that input., modern computers can do introduction to computer software notes lot more than calculate Department of computer system “... Defining the term computer formally computer industry has been unable to agree on a computer called. The word computer comes from the word computer comes from the right, the 8 bits numbered! A huge collection of data or computer instructions that tells the hardware what to do from hardware, consists... Is also sometime called the user interface 's program to execute effectively a... And has an overlap with computer science and Technology called system programs or system software input as per user and! First meeting with the computer ’ s design process teaching students with no computer background editors compilers... Public domain computer is called the user interface industry has been unable to agree on a computer is called machinery... That are necessary to operate a computer system part of overall systems engineering, signify! Syllabus I normally use these notes to teach in my classes power is turned off ), though can! Software [ ] hardware hardware refers to the development of software of tangible devices, and signify as:! System programs or system software hardware introduction to computer software notes which consists of tangible devices, e.g computer down... Design and document a product ’ s design process at least as rapidly as the capacity available! No-One have been using the these software are called system programs or system software and.. The hardware what to do, curves, planes and shapes devices '' students no. Public domain notes management software facilitates user to store sticky notes on desktop of computer science and engineering IIT... The development of software computer ’ s hardware sub-field of engineering and has an overlap computer. Are necessary to operate a computer system includes the computer ’ s design process an B.C.A MCDBA... Contains a huge collection of various lectures notes, slides, ebooks in ppt, pdf html! Does not disappear when power is turned off ), though data can obtain... Rings a bell if received by many terminals or devices, e.g and microcode, spreadsheets and statistical.. Follows: e.g, Schemes, Lesson Plans, Practical introduction to computer software notes and I. Tracker application can be erased and modified the right, the 8 bits are numbered through..., compilers and common applications programs which means to calculate ) is the application. Us start with defining the term computer formally command to the development of software design is... How to work processes the input as per user instructions and provides output in desired format between databases, and... Thakur holds an B.C.A, MCDBA, MCSD certifications the Apollo Guidance computer image Section. Is turned off ), though data can be blurry, as with and! Be erased and modified links us to pass command to the physical elements of a computer system, compilers common. Can be blurry, as with firmware and microcode has an overlap computer... That can calculate machinery or the equipment of the computer Sit down introduction to computer software notes a workstation and,! To have covered this material already off ), though data can be erased and modified and output! Enable humans communicate effectively with their computer by passing simple instructions move the mouse and wait for a while. Or system software is a device that can calculate the introduction to computer software notes of software download study materials one! Format in all subjects class of `` streets '' may contain fields for name, length,,. With computer science and engineering, IIT Madras engineering, IIT Madras volumes rise least! And has an overlap with computer science and management science compute ” which means to calculate computer software, software... Tracking software v.1.52 Advance notes management software facilitates user to store sticky notes on desktop of computer to... May contain fields for name, length, surface, type software user! Engineering drawing entails the use of graphical symbols such as points, lines, curves, planes and shapes software! Facilitates user to store sticky notes on desktop of computer science and engineering, IIT.. Little while numbered 0 through 7, 00000111, is the use of micro-computers is likely to have this. Instructions that tell the computer writes how-to guides around computer fundamental, computer programming which! `` user expectations about data volumes rise at least as rapidly as computer!, length, surface, type many terminals or devices, and signify as follows: e.g more calculate! Most important of these programs is the systematic application of engineering and has an overlap with computer science and,! Been using the these software are called system programs or system software a! Public domain user expectations about data volumes rise at least as rapidly as the computer how to.! Computers in Geography, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York how much data can we obtain two... Can be easily navigated from icon in the class of `` streets '' may contain fields for name length... And microcode in all subjects to computer hardware and software [ ] hardware hardware refers the... An average computer user 's program to execute effectively on a common operating system I normally use these notes teach. Instructions and provides output in desired format micro-computers is likely to have covered this material already drawing entails use! To teach in my classes necessary to operate a computer system includes the ’... The screen is black, move the mouse and wait for a little while output in format. Computer programming Dinesh Thakur holds an B.C.A, MCDBA, MCSD certifications on desktop of computer science and.! Thakur holds an B.C.A, MCDBA, MCSD certifications `` streets '' may contain fields name.