Sixty-four cowpea fields in Kano State were sampled and 49 in and Bauchi State. Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) is a relatively recent introduction and currently has a very limited distribution in northern Queensland. Column chromatographic elution of ethanol crude extract yielded 11 fractions, each of which was subjected to bioassay. Phytochemical screening of fractions 4 and 5 are positive for the presence of alkaloids and steroids that may have caused the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in L. esculentum, and the reduction of the mitotic index in A. cepa root tips. Zachariades C, Strathie LW, Day MD, Muniappan R (eds) ARC-PPRI, Pretoria (2013) pp 117-126 117 Biocontrol of Chromolaena odorata in Papua New Guinea Among them 30.9% fruits, 29.09% timber, 34.54% vegetables and 5.45% were spices species. Chromolaena odoratais a serious invader of many crop lands, plantations, wastelands, rangelands, and reforested areas – infesting up to about 500,000 hectares (Aterrado & Bachiller 2002, Acasio 2003) and is considered one of the seven worst invasive species in the Philippines (Joshi 1989). The high abundance in our sampling sites was not, unexpected because sites had ideal exposure to sunlight, which is needed for germination, seedling growt, may need to be planted with shade-adapted high value crops, (e.g. species on tree recruitment,” Applied Geography, vol. which inhibit native plants,” Journal of Ecology, vol. The revised model reduces the estimated potential distribution of C. odorata, particularly in terms of the poleward and inland extents of suitable climates. Plant biodiversity was described by Species Of these, 21 species were categorized as threatened species. The positive effect of Chromolaena root leachates on Fusarium spores was attenuated by activated carbon, suggesting a biochemical basis for how the invader stimulated the pathogen. In Bauchi State, S. hermonthica was negatively related to total N and organic C and was positively related to exchangeable Ca and latitude. Correlation and stepwise multiple regression was used to relate Striga population and crop yields to measured soil parameters. 1994, Sinohin & Cuaterno 2003. © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. A. W. Macdonald, “Alien trees, shrubs and creepers invading, A. McWilliam, “A plague on your house? Organic C in Kano State and available P in Bauchi State where negatively related to sorghum grain yield. Chromolaena odorata, along a 15 year chronosequence,” Plant Ecology. Twelve farmers’ fields were sampled from each community along a transect. Summary 1. These species might have been either planted or had escaped from backyard cultivation because legumes are easily germinating species and can be dispersed by frugivores (Paynter et al. Karai and chilli were found the most prevalent. Organic C (2.1–11.8 g/kg) and total N (0.5–1.01 g/kg) were low in both states. 2009;Li et al. Under conditions where head-fires cannot be used for killing dense stands, infestations must be slashed and burnt at the height of the dry season. Organic C and exchangeable K in Kano State and available Cu in Bauchi State were positively related to maize grain yields. The distribution of C. odorata could mostly depend on temperature and moisture availability; and invade the biodiversity-rich regions of India viz., the Eastern Ghats, the Western Ghats, the Eastern Himalaya and the north-eastern regions. 1, pp. Drawing on these findings and the detailed narratives of farmers, the article submits that the challenge for the natural recruitment of trees in the study region is for farmers to adopt land management practices that significantly increase the numbers of tree species while reducing the competition from non-tree species, such as C. odorata. The distribution of the gall fly, a biological control agent of chromolaena or Siam weed, was determined for the three main islands – Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao –18 years after its … Wellawel leaf extract has weak antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and no anti-fungal activity on Candida albicans. Ecology, vol. Twenty seven fruits, 23 timbers, 17 summer vegetables and 12 winter vegetables species were identified. 784-790, March 2009. Mulching slashed vegetation, as a land preparation practice, was also consistently better at reducing weed densities than burning the slashed vegetation. Trees in 3&4, pp. The species is present in north Queensland, and was the target of a national cost-share eradication program until 2012, when it was decided by a nationally appointed Scientific Advisory Panel that eradication was no longer technically feasible (QDAF 2016). Synthesis and applications . factors such as water availability and temperature are highlighted. Chromolaena, however, has recently become a key component of woody plant succession in subtropical grasslands. There are a substantial number of programmes that aim to control alien invasive plants but very little is known about the way in which biodiversity recovers after alien plant removal. Host damage was more severe in Danmako. Big triangles represent plant species (see Table 1 for species. climate,” Weed Research, vol. Invasive plants have been shown to escape inhibitory soil biota in their native range and to inhibit soil biota in their invaded range, but our results indicate that the impacts of Chromolaena are due to the exacerbation of biotic interactions among native plants and native soil biota, which is to our knowledge a new invasive pathway. A total of 105 sites in 17 localities with C. odorata were surveyed for the presence of C. connexa. Total, nitrogen was within the range of 0.05 - 0.80 ppm. Soil parameters: pH, organic matter (OM), nitrogen (Nit), phosphorus (Pho), potassium (Pot), soil types: loam (L, SUPERSCRIPT LETTERS ARE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT, The gradient length output by DCA was 4.1, and this, prompted the use of the constrained CCA. Analysis of Vegetation Island Sempu conducted to determine the current condition of the biodiversity existing Both are likely to reduce their potential distribution areas in the future climate, where moisture availability is a key factor for their range expansion. The results of a survey and monitoring programme conducted in the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve Complex in Natal are presented. Soils collected beneath Chromolaena in the Western Ghats of India inhibited naturalized/native species and contained over 25 times more spores of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium semitectum than soils collected at the same locations beneath neighbouring native species that were at least 20 m from any Chromolaena plant. (Copasanda) which an invasive species. Seedling recruitment data from soil seed banks are interrogated with Repeated Measures Analyses of Variance, and these data show that, first, tree life forms are not significantly greater than other life forms, and that in fact tree life forms are the minority in the conditions of the examined agricultural land uses. 4. This report provides a synthesis of the result of a biophysical baseline survey on the level and extent of Striga infestation of maize, sorghum, and cowpea in the IITA project areas in Kano and Bauchi states. The following are the main reasons why C. odorata is considered as a fallow because of it ability: to be a nutrient sink and its potential benefit to the crop as regular source of organic matter and nutrients after slashing; to have a beneficial effect on exchangeable K concentration; to be used as green manure; to be better adapted as a fallow plant on acidic soils than some leguminous. In Bauchi, 84% of maize fields and 75% of sorghum fields were dominated by coarse textured soil. In ecosystem mangrove, recorded only eight true Robins. The reasons for lack of returns in agriculture are traditional way of marketing through middlemen, fragmented supply chain and. In the coastal forest ecosystems found a herbaceous plant that is Chromolaena odorata Biological control of Chromolaena odorata: Preliminary studies on the use of the gall forming fly, Cecidochares connexa in the Philippines, Exotic invasive plant accumulates native soil pathogens which inhibit native plants, Rehabilitation of forest-savannas in Ghana: The impacts of land use, shade, and invasive species on tree recruitment, Spider responses to alien plant invasion: The effect of short- and long-term Chromolaena odorata invasion and management, Dealing with weedy problems in agriculture: The role of three agricultural land use management practices in the forest-savanna ecological zone of Ghana. However, indigenous people have harnessed several benefits of the plant, making management strategies less straightforward. Chromolaena invades subtropical grasslands that are not burnt regularly. 45-52, distribution of Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) in relation to. The country has recorded highest productivity (25.4 tonnes/ha) in the case of grapes in the world. Coconut, country bean, The purpose of the study was to determine the plant biodiversity and distribution of fruit, timber and vegetable species in the Haor homestead of Bangladesh and to explore the relationship between plant grower’s characteristics and plant biodiversity. Predictions made for the current condition was subsequently projected for the years 2050 and 2100 for both moderate and extreme climate change scenarios. t of respondents in the formulation of the Mangrove Management Plan (MMP) as part of the city’s Coastal Resource Management Plan. 3. It was recognized as the most problematic weed in coconut plantations in Sri Lanka as early as 1944, and became a problem in rubber, palm oil, tea, coffee, cashew, teak and other plantation crops in Asia [4]. Abstract The gall fly, Cecidochares connexa has been imported to the Philippines from Indonesia for biological control of Chromolaena odorata.The fly oviposits into the tender shoots of the host plant. Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines on January 24, 1973. ... (Asteraceae), known locally as hagonoy (Oerke et al.